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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ton|a (?)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"tigerface="Times New Roman Star"òèãðface="Times New Roman Star"ton|a (Orkh.) 'a military title', (OUygh.) 'hero'face="Times New Roman Star"ton|a (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 515 (with some doubts about the original meaning of the word).
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?u"keface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"sterletface="Times New Roman Star"ñòåðëÿäü


face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"ke|, dial. (ÊÑÒÒ) c?u"ka"









face="Times New Roman Star"s/úw|ga






face="Times New Roman Star"so"ga"





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 121, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 152. A local Volga region word; cf. however Turkm. c?u"j balyk 'pike', lit. 'nail-fish' - which may be a reanalysis of the original root.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Epejface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"baked breadface="Times New Roman Star"ïå÷åíûé õëåá


face="Times New Roman Star"ipi

















face="Times New Roman Star"a"pa"j





face="Times New Roman Star"Forms like epmek may belong here but contaminated with *etmek (v. sub *ite).
face="Times New Roman Star"*sinc?o"k ( ? -e-)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 ankle-bone 2 shin-boneface="Times New Roman Star"1 ëîäûæêà 2 ãîëåíü

face="Times New Roman Star"sinz?|ik 1 (dial.)











face="Times New Roman Star"su"nju"o"x 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"nc?u"k 'hip joint'face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"n|z?|u"k 'hip joint'


face="Times New Roman Star"sensek (dial.) 2





face="Times New Roman Star"Äûáî 1989 (but not < Perm.).
face="Times New Roman Star"*s[y]c?a-kajface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 cone 2 nut treeface="Times New Roman Star"1 øèøêà 2 îðåøíèê











face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?og|oj 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?úw|s?kúw| 2













face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 113, Äìèòðèåâà 1972, 174. Cf. perhaps Yak. sihik, Dolg. sisik 'alder' (Stachowski 210).
face="Times New Roman Star"*saba-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to beat, hit, fightface="Times New Roman Star"áèòü, äðàòüñÿ
face="Times New Roman Star"savas?- 'to fight' (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"savas?-
face="Times New Roman Star"savas?- (Houts., Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"savas?-


face="Times New Roman Star"dial. savas?













face="Times New Roman Star"savas?-face="Times New Roman Star"savas?-


face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 391, EDT 793, ÝÑÒß 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sapy-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to sway, wave, shake upface="Times New Roman Star"ìàõàòü, ðàçâåèâàòü, âçáàëòûâàòü
face="Times New Roman Star"saby- (MK)








face="Times New Roman Star"sabyr- 'to blow (of wind)'






face="Times New Roman Star"sapyr-face="Times New Roman Star"sapyr-face="Times New Roman Star"sapyr-



face="Times New Roman Star"sapyr-

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 785. A possible derivative is sapan 'sling' (see ÝÑÒß 7).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:tyr-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to walk, go roundface="Times New Roman Star"õîäèòü, îáõîäèòü âîêðóã

face="Times New Roman Star"kydyr- (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr- (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"qidir-


face="Times New Roman Star"Gydyr- (dial.)




face="Times New Roman Star"kytygyras 'ïðîâîðíûé, áûñòðûé, ðåçâûé (î çâåðå), ñêîðîõîä'


face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr-; qydyn| 'ñåìåíÿùèé ïðè áåãå (î æèâ.)'face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr-face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr-face="Times New Roman Star"qyd|yr-face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr-
face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr-face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr-
face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr-face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 6, 185.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyryl/ / *kiril/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"bow stringface="Times New Roman Star"òåòèâàface="Times New Roman Star"kiris? (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"kiris? (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kiris?face="Times New Roman Star"keres?face="Times New Roman Star"kiris? (Pav. C., IM, AH, Qutb.)


face="Times New Roman Star"kiris?face="Times New Roman Star"kiris?face="Times New Roman Star"k@r@s, xyrysface="Times New Roman Star"kiris?face="Times New Roman Star"kiris?
face="Times New Roman Star"xirlu"face="Times New Roman Star"kiris, kyrys
face="Times New Roman Star"kiris?
face="Times New Roman Star"kiric?
face="Times New Roman Star"kirisface="Times New Roman Star"keres?

face="Times New Roman Star"kiris?

face="Times New Roman Star"kiris?face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 71-72, Ëåêñèêà 578.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sesface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 threat 2 to threatenface="Times New Roman Star"1 óãðîçà 2 óãðîæàòü

face="Times New Roman Star"seksen-, segsen- (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"siska"n- 2face="Times New Roman Star"sesken- 2 (Pav. C., AH)face="Times New Roman Star"seska"n- 2face="Times New Roman Star"sa"skin- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sa"ksa"n- 2


face="Times New Roman Star"seste- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"súzúr-lan-dúr- 2



face="Times New Roman Star"ses 1face="Times New Roman Star"ses 1, sesken- 2face="Times New Roman Star"sesken- 2face="Times New Roman Star"hit|ka"n- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"sesken- 2face="Times New Roman Star"sesken- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*burkyface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"wrinkledface="Times New Roman Star"ñìîðùåííûéface="Times New Roman Star"burqyface="Times New Roman Star"burqy, burqyg| 'wrinkle'


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 360.
face="Times New Roman Star"*iri-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to rot 2 pus 3 to turn sour, coagulateface="Times New Roman Star"1 ãíèòü 2 ãíîé 3 ïðîêèñàòü, ñòâîðàæèâàòüñÿface="Times New Roman Star"jiru"- 1 (OUygh.), irin| 2 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"iri- 1, irin| 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"irin 2face="Times New Roman Star"i>ri>- 3, i>ri>n 2face="Times New Roman Star"irin| 2face="Times New Roman Star"iri- 1, jirin| 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?|irin| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"irin 2face="Times New Roman Star"irin| 2face="Times New Roman Star"i>ri>- 1, 3, i>ri>n 2
face="Times New Roman Star"iri- 3, irin| 2

face="Times New Roman Star"iren|e 2face="Times New Roman Star"iren|e 2face="Times New Roman Star"iri- 1, irin| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"iri- 1, 3, irin| 2face="Times New Roman Star"i>ri>- 1, 3, i>ri>n 2face="Times New Roman Star"irin 2face="Times New Roman Star"i>ri>- 3, i>ri>n 2face="Times New Roman Star"irin 2face="Times New Roman Star"jirin 2face="Times New Roman Star"irin 2face="Times New Roman Star"iri- 1, 3, irin| 2

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 198, 233, ÝÑÒß 1, 372-374, Stachowski 128.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ko"gmeface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"gum (of tooth)face="Times New Roman Star"äåñíà









face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|meface="Times New Roman Star"ko"gbe (Mat.), ko"ge (Kond.)
















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 290.
face="Times New Roman Star"*gekir-dekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"throat, trachea, cartilageface="Times New Roman Star"ãëîòêà, òðàõåÿ, õðÿù

face="Times New Roman Star"gegirtlek (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"kikerta"k (ÊÑÒÒ)face="Times New Roman Star"kekirtek (MA)face="Times New Roman Star"kekirdakface="Times New Roman Star"keki(r)da"k

face="Times New Roman Star"kekirdek



face="Times New Roman Star"kagúr



face="Times New Roman Star"kekirtek
face="Times New Roman Star"kekirdevikface="Times New Roman Star"kigerla"k (dial.)


face="Times New Roman Star"kegirdek

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 248, ÝÑÒß 5, 26, Ëåêñèêà 232. In many languages the word was influenced by the verb *ge:kir- 'to belch'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:.sykface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"groinface="Times New Roman Star"ïàõface="Times New Roman Star"qasyg| (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"kasykface="Times New Roman Star"qasyqface="Times New Roman Star"qasyq (IM, R - Vam.)


face="Times New Roman Star"GasyGface="Times New Roman Star"Ga:syq



face="Times New Roman Star"xyza






face="Times New Roman Star"qat|yq (dial.)





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 239, EDT 666, ÝÑÒß 5, 331-332, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 179.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kon|ur-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to tear out, uprootface="Times New Roman Star"âûäèðàòü, âûðûâàòü
face="Times New Roman Star"qon|ur- (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"qon|ar- (Abush., Áîð. Áàä.)









face="Times New Roman Star"xon|un-, xon|nor-face="Times New Roman Star"kon|or-face="Times New Roman Star"xuna-










face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 281, EDT 640, ÝÑÒß 6, 65, Stachowski 152.
face="Times New Roman Star"*busface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"steam, fogface="Times New Roman Star"ïàð, òóìàí
face="Times New Roman Star"bus (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"pus
face="Times New Roman Star"bus (Ettuhf., CCum.)
face="Times New Roman Star"bus (dial.)



face="Times New Roman Star"pus

face="Times New Roman Star"púw|s

face="Times New Roman Star"busface="Times New Roman Star"bus

face="Times New Roman Star"pusface="Times New Roman Star"bot|




face="Times New Roman Star"pusface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 90, EDT 370, ÝÑÒß 2, 277, Ëåêñèêà 34. Turk. > Russ. dial. bus 'drizzle, flour dust', see Àíèêèí 146.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ju"lu"k / *julukface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"juiceface="Times New Roman Star"ñîê











face="Times New Roman Star"juluq, d/uluq, ju"lu"k



face="Times New Roman Star"c?uluq










face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 212, EDT 927-928, ÝÑÒß 4, 266, Ëåêñèêà 263-264. The root should be distinguished both from *jilik and from *julyn| (v. sub *la\le\, *dilu), although all three tend to contaminate.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ju"r/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to peel off (skin), to skinface="Times New Roman Star"ñäèðàòü (øêóðó)
face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z-





face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z-













face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z-



face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 984, ÝÑÒß 4, 261.
face="Times New Roman Star"*en|seface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"back of the neckface="Times New Roman Star"çàäíÿÿ ÷àñòü øåè

face="Times New Roman Star"ense
face="Times New Roman Star"en|se, a"n|sa" (Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"ensa"


face="Times New Roman Star"jen|se

face="Times New Roman Star"en|ze
face="Times New Roman Star"@nze, j@nze



face="Times New Roman Star"en|seface="Times New Roman Star"en|seface="Times New Roman Star"en|se

face="Times New Roman Star"jensa"face="Times New Roman Star"en|se, enseface="Times New Roman Star"en|se
face="Times New Roman Star"en|seface="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 4, 190-191, Åãîðîâ 65, Ëåêñèêà 237-238.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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